Today we released a new MIGZEN report titled “Humanitarian Visas in a Hostile Environment“, offering first-hand insights into the experiences of individuals arriving in the UK through the Hong Kong BN(O) and Ukraine visa schemes and shows that ‘significant concerns persist’ around the restrictions faced by visa beneficiaries.

It draws on qualitative interviews with 43 Hong Kongers and Ukrainians to offer a comparative analysis of the UK’s suite of ‘safe and legal (humanitarian) routes’. Centring the voices and perspectives of visa holders, the report explores both the experiences of applying for these visas and everyday life in the UK.

The key findings of the report – published three years after the Hong Kong BN(O) visa was introduced on 31st January 2021 – reveal a significant gap between the government’s rhetoric surrounding humanitarian visas and the real-world experiences and challenges faced by beneficiaries. The study highlights the interplay of geopolitical factors, historical context, and individual circumstances in shaping the decision-making process of those relocating to the UK under these bespoke provisions.

Differences in access to rights and entitlements led to distinct challenges for Hong Kongers and Ukrainians. Hong Kongers faced difficulties in accessing suitable housing, limited access to public funds, and issues related to the recognition of their professional qualifications. Ukrainians experienced a prevailing sense of temporariness and uncertainty due to time-limited visas and no route to long-term settlement.

Prolonged unemployment and downward occupational mobility were common challenges for both groups. Hong Kongers faced issues with educational qualifications recognition and obtaining the Certificate of No Criminal Conviction (CNCC), while Ukrainians encountered language barriers.

In the context of the UK’s post-Brexit migration regime and increasing restrictions on asylum, the report highlights concerns regarding the temporary nature of protection for Ukrainians and restrictions in access to public services for Hong Kongers.